A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. Concentrated. Solar power generates electricity by using either solar thermal systems that convert sunlight into heat to produce steam that drives a generator, or photovoltaic systems, which transform sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. These two methods are revolutionizing how we harness. Solar panels harness sunlight through the photovoltaic effect, converting solar energy into clean, renewable electricity for a sustainable future. Here's a deeper look into the full process: To find out how solar power works, you need to.