The development of energy storage technology (EST) has become an important guarantee for solving the volatility of renewable energy (RE) generation and promoting the transformation of the power system. How to scientifically and effectively promote the development of EST, and reasonably plan the layout of energy storage, has become a key task in successfully coping with energy transformation. However, there are still different understandings amon. The development of energy storage technology (EST) has become an important guarantee for solving the volatility of renewable energy (RE) generation and promoting the transformation of the power system. How to scientifically and effectively promote the development of EST, and reasonably plan the layout of energy storage, has become a key task in successfully coping with energy transformation. However, there are still different understandings among different research forces worldwide regarding the research direction and focus of EST. Therefore, the goal of this study is to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of EST types, research institutions, and key technologies in major economies around the world, and to reveal the evolution laws of EST under different regions and dimensions. This study uses Citespace software and LDA topic modeling method to conduct research on the United States, Japan, Europe, and China as study areas, and 87,717 collected documents as research objects. The results show that, in terms of technology types, the annual publication volume and publication ratio of various energy storage types from high to low are: electrochemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, chemical energy storage, thermal energy storage, and mechanical energy storage. In terms of regional dimension, there are some differences in research types, research stability, and key technologies among different economies. In terms of time dimension, most technology topics show trends of “split”, “fusion”, “emerg. ••Reviews the evolution of various types of energy storage technologies••Compare the differences in the development of energy storage in major economies••Revealed the evolution of segmented energy storage technology••Most technologies are not passed down in a single lineage.TWHterawatt hoursIRENAThe International Renewable Energy AgencyRErenewable energyESTenergy storage technologyLDAlatent Dirichlet allocationEnergy storage technologyMultidimensional analysisTopic modelingEnergy sectorReviewEconomiesWith the rapid development of the global economy, energy shortages and environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent. To overcome the current challenges, countries are placing more emphasis on the development and utilization of RE, and the proportion of RE in electricity supply is also increasing. According to the “RE Statistics 2020” report published by IRENA, the generation of RE has gradually increased in recent years, growing from 5881 terawatt-hours in 2016 to 7467 terawatt-hours in 2020. Among them, solar photovoltaic and wind power generation had the highest growth rates, reaching 518 terawatt-hours and 636 terawatt-hours respectively, with growth rates of 158.9 % and 66.8 %. As the scale of RE generation continues to expand, it is certain that a new type of power system will emerge with RE as the mainstay. Fig. 1 shows the growth of RE generation and different types of RE generation from 2016 to 2020.On the one hand, RE generation is an inevitable trend in social development as it helps improve the existing energy structure of the power system and promotes energy conservation and emission reduction. On the other hand, wind and solar power generation are greatly influenced by natural factors, exhibiting significant randomness and fluctuations in generation. To deeply replace fossil fuel-based power generation and facilitate the transformation of the power sys.
