Transportation electrification plays a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enabling the decarbonization of power systems. However, current research on electric vehicles (EVs) only provides a fragmented examination of their impact on power system planning and operation, lacking a comprehensive overview across both transmission and distribution levels. This limits the effectiveness and efficiency of powe. Transportation electrification plays a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enabling the decarbonization of power systems. However, current research on electric vehicles (EVs) only provides a fragmented examination of their impact on power system planning and operation, lacking a comprehensive overview across both transmission and distribution levels. This limits the effectiveness and efficiency of power system solutions for greater EV adoption. Conducting a systematic review of the effects of EVs on power transmission and distribution systems (e.g., grid integration, planning, operation, etc.), this paper aims to bridge the fragmented literature on the topic together by focusing on the interplay between transportation electrification and power systems. The study sheds light on the interplay between transportation electrification and power systems, delving into the importance of classifying EVs and charging infrastructure based on powertrain design, duty cycle, and typical features, as well as methods of capturing charging patterns and determining spatial-temporal charging profiles. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion on the benefits of smart charging and the provision of grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services for maintaining power system reliability. With the holistic systems approach, this paper can identify the main objectives and potential barriers of power transmission and distribution systems in accommodating transportatio. ••Review of electric vehicle-related design, duty cycle, and technology.••Exploration of charging infrastructure and smart charging method in grid-to-vehicle systems.••Analysis of ancillary services of the vehicle-to-grid technique for reliable power systems.••Identification of power system planning and operation for increasing the adoption of electric vehicles.••Electric vehiclesGrid to vehicleVehicle to gridPlanning and operation1.1. BackgroundThe trend of decarbonization has gained momentum in recent years due to the overwhelming contribution of CO2 emissions, which make up nearly 90% of ghg emissions, to global warming. This shift has had a significant impact on both the supply and demand sides of the global energy systems. The transportation sector, in particular, accounts for a substantial portion of GHG emissions, with estimates ranging from 23.5% in the European Union to 34% in the United States,, respectively. The electrification of energy systems represents a move from non-electric to electric systems, and current, and future life-cycle emissions from ev are lower than those from traditional petrol vehicles and fossil-fuel boilers. This means that vehicle electrification has the potential to greatly reduce transportation-related GHG emissions. In addition to environmental benefits, the widespread adoption of EVs would also bring social welfare benefits, such as improved emission reduction in city centers and economic benefits in suburban areas, as demonstrated by scenario simulations. The growth in EV registrations and sales from 2016 to 2021 in various countries and regions, including the United States, China, Europe, and others, are depicted in Fig. 1. This figure highlights the current state of vehicle electrification globally. There is an increasing trend towards phasing out fuel-p. Before assessing the impact of transportation electrification on power planning and operation, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of the classification, technology, and design of EVs and charging infrastructures, as well as the concepts of G2V and V2G. Therefore, first, this section classifies EVs based on their engine technology and.
